RESUMO
【Objective】 To observe the effect of Xiaozhongzhitong Mixture on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat skin flaps and p38MAPK-PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. 【Methods】 After flap operation, the survival of rat back flaps and flap survival rate were observed. HE staining, TUNEL staining, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the degree of nuclear destruction, as well as the distribution characteristics and mRNA expression levels of p38MAPK, PPARγ, and Nf-κB in vascular endothelial cells of rat flaps, respectively. 【Results】 The flap survival area in sham operation group was the largest, and it was the smallest in model control group and PPARγ inhibitor group. HE staining and TUNEL staining results showed that the flap tissue cells of rats in model control group and PPARγ inhibitor group were severely damaged and obvious apoptotic cells were seen. In model group, rats’ skin flap tissue cells were arranged in a single layer, and the nucleus was intact and clear. qRT-PCR experiment results showed that compared with model group, the expressions of p38MAPK and Nf-κb in the flap tissue of rats in Xiaozhong Zhicong Mixture group were inhibited (P<0.05), while the expression of PPARγ was increased (P<0.05). When the blocker was added, the expressions of p38MAPK, NF-κB and PPARγ in the flap tissue were further suppressed. 【Conclusion】 Xiaozhongzhitong Mixture can alleviate the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the rat model of skin flap ischemia-reperfusion injury, reduce inflammation and the production of apoptotic cells, thereby alleviating the ischemia-reperfusion injury of skin flaps and promoting the survival of the flaps. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38MAPK-PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway.
RESUMO
The prevalence of osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， gouty arthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， and intervertebral disc degeneration is increasing year by year with the growing number of elderly people， and the common clinical manifestations of these diseases include severe pain in different areas， which seriously affects the daily life of the patients. Therefore， how to relieve the pain and reduce the prevalence of bone and joint diseases and improve the quality of life of the patients is a hot spot in the medical field. Studies have confirmed that NOD-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes， as pattern recognition receptors， are involved in the inflammation， chondrocyte proliferation， osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation， intervertebral disc cell inflammation and scorching， extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis， mitochondrial dysfunction， endoplasmic reticulum stress， and reactive oxygen species damage， demonstrating close link with the development of bone and joint diseases. Chinese medicine has a long history and demonstrates remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of bone and joint diseases. It can mitigate the pathological changes of bone and joint diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes to alleviate the pain， playing a role in preventing and treating these diseases. Therefore， this paper briefly describes the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasomes and the development of bone and joint diseases by reviewing the latest research progress at home and abroad. We summarize the latest studies about the active components， extracts， and compound prescriptions of Chinese medicines in the treatment of bone and joint diseases via regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review is expected to offer new insights into the in-depth research on the pathogenesis and drug treatment of bone and joint diseases and provide a basis for the clinical application of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
RESUMO
Objective:To compare the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer in stage Ⅰb2-Ⅱa2 undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy or abdominal radical hysterectomy.Methods:From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018, patients with stage Ⅰb2-Ⅱa2 who underwent laparoscopic or abdominal radical hysterectomy (laparoscopic group and abdominal group) in Peking University People′s Hospital were collected. The clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 237 cases in this study, including 115 cases in laparoscopic group and 122 cases in abdominal group. The clinicopathological characteristics, surgery-related complications, recurrence and death were analyzed between the two groups. The related factors of recurrence and death were also analyzed.During laparoscopic surgery, the pressure of the carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum were controlled, to try avoid the tumor tissue in the vagina from being exposed to the abdominal cavity when taking out the uterine specimen through the vagina, and fully flushed the abdominal cavity with sterile water after the specimen was taken out.Results:(1) Clinicopathological characteristics: there was no significant differences between the two groups among age, pathological type, pathological grade, clinical stage, depth of interstitial infiltration, lymph node metastasis,parametrial infiltration, vaginal stump infiltration, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and postoperative adjuvant treatments (all P>0.05). (2) Surgery-related complications: the incidence of surgery-related complications in the laparoscopic group and the abdominal group were 32.2% (37/115) and 25.4% (31/122), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). (3) Recurrence and death: during the follow-up period, the recurrence rates of the laparoscopic group and the abdominal group were respectively 15.7% (18/115) and 12.3% (15/122). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.456). The 5-year overall survival rates of the laparoscopic group and the open group were 86.8% and 87.8%, and the 5-year tumor-free survival rates were 81.7% and 84.6%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P=0.405, P=0.429). (4) Analysis of related factors of recurrence and death: univariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis, vaginal stump infiltration, LVSI and interstitial infiltration depth were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of cervical cancer patients (all P<0.05); neoadjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis, parametrial infiltration, vaginal stump infiltration, LVSI and interstitial infiltration depth were risk factors for postoperative death in patients with cervical cancer (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence and death of cervical cancer patients ( P<0.05). Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer in stage Ⅰb2-Ⅱa2 undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with non-touch operative technique and abdominal radical hysterectomy.
RESUMO
Objective Previous study showed that interval debulking surgery (IDS) may improve the survival of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).The precise significance of IDS needs to be evaluated.Methods Totally 136 consecutive patients with stage Ⅲ c or Ⅳ EOC (including primary peritoneal carcinoma and primary fallopian tube carcinoma ) who completed primary debulking surgery (PDS) and platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from January 2000 to December 2009 in a retrospective cohort study.The study group was divided into three groups:65 cases underwent optimal PDS (Group A ),41 cases received chemotherapy alone after suboptimal PDS (Group B ),and 30 patients underwent IDS after suboptimal PDS (Group C).All patients received six to eight courses of platinum-based combination chemotherapy (paclitaxel plus carboplatin/cisplatin,cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin and cisplatin).Patients' clinical characteristics,perioperative situation and prognosis were compared. Results Sixty-five cases (47.8％,65/136) from 136 patients achieved optimal PDS.For Group C,77％ (23/30)patients obtained optimal debulking surgery after IDS.Intraoperative injury rates were similar between Group B and Group C ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Mild perioperative complications rate was also similar ( P ＞0.05 ).Median progression-free survival (PFS) of Group A was 26 months.Median overall survival (OS) of Group B and Group C were 3l months and 40 months,respectively (P =0.254).Median PFS of Group B and Group C were 13 months and 24 months,respectively (P =0.289).Although when it came to 20 months after PDS,patients who underwent IDS had a significantly lower progressive disease (PD) rate (Group B 33％ versus Group C 61％,P =0.046 ),it still showed that there was no significant difference in either OS or PFS of these two groups.Those patients in Group C who obtained no visible residual got similar PFS (27 months) comparing to Group A (26 months,P =0.730),but OS was still shorter (P =0.010).Conclusions For advanced EOC patients,IDS has little effect on improving survival.While it is safe and acceptable,also may prolong PFS in those patients who got no visible residual after IDS.The results suggest that IDS might be used as an alternative treatment for advanced EOC patients who cannot obtain optimal PDS in certain local hospitals.
RESUMO
Stethoscope diaphragms were sampled randomly for bacteria culture and identification from nursing and medical staff in 3 community health institutions in Zhongshan city. Anonymous filling in questionnaire was taken for investigating frequency of cleaning stethoscope by staff. A total of 100 stethoscope diaphragms were sampled, and a total of 523 bacteria strains were isolated. Eighty-six percent of stethoscopes surveyed were contaminated with bacteria, among the isolated organisms, G+ bacteria and G-bacteria accounted for 78% and 22% respectively. The Bacterial contamination rate and G- rate of stethoscopes used by inpatient staff were 6. 2 strains and 2. 1 strains per stethoscope respectively, which were significantly higher than those used by outpatient staff (4. 8 strain and 1. 1 strain per stethoscope, P ＜0. 05 and P < 0. 01, respectively). A total of 105 questionnaires showed that 21% (6/28) of nursing staff cleaned stethoscope monthly, meanwhile 12% (7/56) of outpatient medical staff and 14% (3/21) of inpatient medical staff (P ＜0. 01) did so; 29% (8/28) of nursing staff cleaned their stethoscopes once a year or never, meanwhile, the figures for outpatient and inpatient medical staff were 55% (31/56) and 57% (12/21) respectively (P ＜0. 01). Results indicate that there is high rate of bacterial contamination in stethoscopes, and G- is more frequently found in stethoscopes used by inpatient staff than outpatient. In general, the frequency of stethoscope cleaning is low, however, more frequently for nursing staff than medical staff.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the function of TRAIUCaspase-3 and NF-κB among the occurrence, development and malignant invasion of bile duct carcinoma. Methods The in-situ hybrization technique and immunochemistry method were adopted to detect expression of TRAIL, Caspase-3 and NF-κB. Results The positive rates of TRAIL expression in carcinoma of bile duct and paracancer tissue were 45.2 % (19/42) and 53.3 %(8/15), respectively. The differences were not significant (P >0.05), and there were no evident difference between expression of TRAIL and every clinic pathology factor(P >0.05). The positive rates of Caspase-3 expression in carcinoma of bile duct were 30.9 %(13/42), which were obviously lower than those in paracancer tissue, 60.0 %(9/15)(P<0.05). However, The positive rates of NF-κB expression in carcinoma of bile duct were 61.9 %(26/42), obviously higher than those in paracancer tissue, 26.7 %(4/15)(P <0.05). The positive rates of Caspase-3, NF-κB expression were relation to metastasis and proliferation, differentiation degree of tissue and survival time (P <0.05), but were independent of sex, ages and position of carcinoma(P > 0.05). Moreover, TRAIL and Caspase-3 manifested positive relationship (P <0.05). On the contrary , NF-κB and Caspase-3 manifested negative relationship (P <0.05). However, there was no relationship between TRAIL and NF-κB(P >0.05). Conclusion Expression of TRAIL has no selectivity of tumour, Its expression is higher or lower which couldn' t absolutely decide tumour' s metastasis and proliferation, and could not decide malignant degree and prognosis of tumour, too. Activation of NF-κB and losing action or absence of Caspase-3 possibly accelerate metastasis and proliferation of tumour, which result in bad prognosis. NF-κB interdicte TRAIL inducing apoptosis approach via control activation of NF-κB, which induce tissue to avoiding apoptosis and multiplication unboundedly, leading to tumour's occurrence, development, metastasis and diffuseness.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the relationship among Survivin, PTEN and the occurrence, development, soakage and prog-nesis of gastric cancer. Methods The in-situ hybrization technique, immunochemistry and TUNEL method were used to detect the expres-sion of survivin mRNA, PTEN protein and apoptotic cell. Results The positive rate of survivin expression in gastric cancer was obvious higher than that in para-cancer tissue(P <0.01). Moreover, survivin expression rate in advanced clinical stage and low differentiation gastric cancer degree.was higher, compared with para-cancer tissue (P <0.01, P <0.05). The positive rate of PTEN expression in gas-tric cancer was obvious lower than that in pars-cancer tissue (P <0.01). The positive rate of PTEN expression in advanced clinical stage and low differentiation degree of tissue in gastric cancer was lower (P < 0.01). Furthermore, survivin and apoptesis indexes manifested negative relationship in gastric cancer(r =-0.861, P < 0.01), While PTEN and apoptosis indexes manifested positive relationship (r = 0.832, P < 0.01). Conclusions Survivin could be used as a novel marker to detect gastric cancer. PTEN gene lost function, which maybe promote the origin, growth, soakage and metastasis of gastric cancer.
RESUMO
Objective To observe the effects of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Her2 on its gene expression when the shRNA was stably transfected into human ovarian cell lines, SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl, which have different extent of malignancy and investigate the changes of the biological characters of the two cell lines after the stable transfection. Methods The plasmids expressing shRNA targeting Her2 gene were transfected into SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells. The stably transfected cells were gained by antibiotic screening. The expression of Her2 before and after the transfection was detected by RT- PCR and western blot. The transwell experiment was used to observe the invasion ability of the cancer cells before and after the transfection, and the parent and the transfected cells were injected into nude mice to observe the tumor growth. Results After the stable transfection with Her2 shRNA, mRNA and protein levels of Her2 gene in SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells were remarkably reduced. The expression of mRNA were (68.0±3. 1) %, (40. 8±2. 0) %, (99. 9±1.3) %, (42. 4±2. 5) %. The expression of protein were (72. 1±3.4) %, (36. 4±1.5) %, (98.2±1.7) %, (40. 7±2. 1) %. The invasion ability into basilar membrane of the transfected cells was greatly reduced compared with the parent cells. The invasion cell numbers were 7.6±1.1, 1.8±0. 8, 36. 2±9.7, 15.7±7. 2. The growth rate of the planted tumors was lower in transfected groups than that of the parent groups. Conclusions (1) The expression of Her2 gene in SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells was remarkably reduced by RNA interference targeting Her2. (2) The biological characters of SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells are changed when the expression of Her2 gene is reduced by RNA interference.
RESUMO
Objective To study the correlation of peritumor brain edema and the proliferation of meningiomas.Methods Forty-six patients who underwent resection of meningioma were divided into four groups(no,mild,middle and severe PTBE) according to CT.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was detected with immunohistochemistry.Results There were 18 cases mild PTBE[PCNA LI (2.83?1.57)],10 cases middle PTBE[PCNA LI (3.14?2.04)] and 5 cases severe PTBE[PCNA LI (4.13?2.43)] in forty-six patients.PTBE was related to meningioma PCNA LI significant.Conclusion PTBE of meningioma relates with tumor cell proliferation.